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Total Training Support's Integrated Training System. We are sure you will
need no other reference material to pass your EASA Part-66 exam in this Module.
These notes have been written by instructors of EASA Part-66 courses,
specifically for practitioners of varying experience within the aircraft
maintenance industry, and especially those who are self-studying to pass the
EASA Part-66 exams.
They are specifically designed to meet the EASA Part-66 syllabus and to answer
the questions being asked by the UK CAA in their examinations.
The EASA Part-66 syllabus for each sub-section is printed at the beginning of
each of the chapters in these course notes and is used as the “Learning
Objectives”.
We
suggest that you take each chapter in-turn, read the text of the chapter a
couple of times, if only to familiarise yourself with the location of the
information contained within. Then, using your club66pro.co.uk
membership, attempt the questions within the respective sub-section, and
continually refer back to these notes to read-up on the underpinning knowledge
required to answer the respective question, and any similar question that you
may encounter on your real Part-66 examination. Studying this way, with the help
of the question practice and their explanations, you will be able to master the
subject piece-by-piece, and become proficient in the subject matter, as well as
proficient in answering the CAA style EASA part-66 multiple choice questions.
The course
notes are written to suit Licence category 'B1' and 'B2', but are also suitable
for Licence category 'A'.
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CONTENTS
Module 5.1 -
Electronic Instrument Systems
- EFIS - The Electronic Revolution
- EADI and EHSI
- PFD and ND
- Electronic Flight Instrument System (EFIS)
- The Boeing System
- The Airbus System
Module 5.2 -
Number Systems
The Decimal Number System
- Unit and Number
- Base (Radix)
- Positional Notation and Zero
- Carry and Borrow Principles
The Binary Number System
- Unit and Number
- Positional Notation
- MSD and LSD
- Addition of Binary Numbers
- Subtraction of Binary Numbers
- Complementary Subtraction
Octal Number System
- Unit and Number
- Base (Radix)
- Positional Notation
- MSD and LSD
- Addition of Octal Numbers
- Subtraction of Octal Numbers
Hexadecimal (Hex) Number System
- Unit and Number
- Base (Radix)
- Positional Notation
- MSD and LSD
- Addition of Hex Numbers
- Subtraction of Hex Numbers
Conversion of Bases
- Decimal Conversion
- Decimal to Binary
- Decimal to Octal
- Decimal to Hex
- Binary Conversion
- Binary to Octal
- Binary to Hex
- Octal Conversion
- Octal to Binary
- Octal to Hex
- Hex Conversion
- Hex to Binary
- Hex to Octal
- Conversion To Decimal
- Binary to Decimal
- Octal to Decimal
- Hex to Decimal
- Binary-Coded Decimal
- BCD Conversion
- BCD Addition
Module 5.3 -
Data Conversion
- Analogue computers
- Digital computers
- Digital Bus
- Typical Digital System Inputs
- Typical Digital System Outputs
Types of Computers
- Interactive Computers
- Reference computers
- Storage computers
- Controlling computers
- Informational computers
- Summary
Digital and Analogue Conversion
- Digital to Analogue Converters (DACs)
- Principle
- Binary Weighted Ladder
- R-2R Ladder
- Some Uses of DACs
Analogue to Digital Converters (ADCs)
- Principle
- Flash ADC
- Pipeline ADC
- Ramp Generation ADC
- Successive Approximation Register (SAR) ADC
- Integration Type ADC
- Charge Balancing ADC
- Sigma-delta ADC
DAC/ADC Specifications
- Accuracy
- Resolution
- Linearity
- Sample and Hold Acquisition Time
- Throughput Rate
- Integration Time
- Re-Calibration
- Monotonicity
- Settling Time
Module 5.4 -
Data Buses
- What is a Data Bus?
- About ARINC
- Databus General
- Parity Checking
- Binary Encoding Formats
ARINC 429
- Main Features
- ARINC 429 Usage
- Architecture
- Protocol
- Binary Encoding
- Transmission Order
- Mixed Formats
ARINC 629
- Main Features
- Architecture
- Protocol
- Word Format
Other Protocols
- ARINC 453
- ARINC 561/568
- ARINC 573
- ARINC 575
- ARINC 582
- ARINC 615
- ARINC 636
- ARINC 708
- ARINC 717
- MIL-STD-1553B
Module 5.5 -
Logic Circuits
- Computer Logic
- General Logic
- Positive and Negative Logic
- Logic Inputs and Outputs
- Fan-In and Fan-Out
The AND Gate
- Logic Symbol
- AND Gate Operation
- Truth Table
The OR Gate
- Logic Symbol
- OR Gate Operation
- Truth Table
The Inverter
The NAND Gate
- Logic Symbol
- NAND Gate Operation
- Truth Table
The NOR Gate
- Logic Symbol
- NOR Gate Operation
- Truth Table
Variations of Fundamental Gates
- AND/NAND Gate Variations
- OR/NOR Gate Variations
- Logic Gates in Combination
- The EXCLUSIVE OR Gate
- The EXCLUSIVE NOR Gate
- Tri-state Devices
Module 5.6 -
Basic Computer Structure
- Basic Microcomputer Organisation
- Input Section
- Output Section
- The Central Processor Unit (CPU)
- Memory
- General Characteristics
- Solid State Memory
- Software
- Glossary of Computer Terms
Module 5.7 -
Microprocessors
- Introduction
- Control Section
- Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
- Memory Section
- The CPU Clock
Module 5.8 -
Integrated Circuits
Adders
- Quarter Adder
- Half Adder
- Full Adder
- Parallel Adders
- Subtraction
Flip-Flops
- R-S Flip-Flop
- Toggle Flip-Flop
- D Flip-Flop
- J-K Flip-Flop
Clocks and Counters
- Clocks
- Counters
- Ripple Counters
- Synchronous Counter
- Decade Counter
- Ring Counter
- Down Counters
Registers
- Parallel Registers
- Shift Registers
- Serial and Parallel Transfers and Conversion
Scaling
- Shift Register Operations
- Parallel-to-Serial Conversion
- Serial-to-Parallel Conversion
- Scaling Operation
Logic Families
- RTL (Resistor-Transistor-Logic)
- DTL (Diode-Transistor-Logic)
- TTL (Transistor-Transistor-Logic)
- CMOS (Complementary-Metal-Oxide-Semiconductors)
- Logic Family Use
Decoders
- Introduction
- The Basic Binary Decoder
- The Four-Bit Binary Decoder
- The BCD to Decimal Decoder
- The BCD-to-Seven-Segment Decoder/Driver
- LCD displays
Encoders
- The Decimal-to-BCD Encoder
- The Decimal-to-BCD Priority Encoder
- An Encoder Application
- Shaft Position Encoder
Integrated Circuit Production
Module 5.9 - Multiplexing
- Some Definitions
- Simplex
- Half Duplex
- Full Duplex
- Multiplex
- Multiplexers (MUX)
- De-Multiplexers (DMUX)
Module 5.10 - Fibre Optics
- Definition of Fibre Optics
- Fibre Optic Data Links
- History of Fibre Optic Technology
- Fibre Optic Systems
- Advantages and Disadvantages of Fibre Optics
- Frequency and Bandwidth
- Fibre Optic Concepts
- Fibre Optic Light Transmission
- Propagation of Light
- Properties of Light
- Transmission of Light Through Optical Fibres
- Basic Structure of an Optical Fibre
- Propagation of Light Along a Fibre
- Optical Fibre Types
- Properties of Optical Fibre Transmission
- The Transmission of Signals
- How to get more digital signals on a single fibre
Optical Fibres and Cables
- Optical Fibre and Cable Design
- Optical Fibres
- Fabrication of Optical Fibres
- Optical Cables
- Optical Splices, Connectors and Couplers
- Fibre Optic Connections
- Fibre Optic Connectors
- Fibre Optic Couplers
Fibre Optic Measurement Techniques
- Fibre Optic Measurements
- Laboratory Measurements
Optical Sources and Fibre Optic Transmitters
- Introduction to Optical Sources and Fibre Optic Transmitters
- Optical Source Properties
- Semiconductor Material and Device Operating Principles
- Light-Emitting Diodes
- Fibre Optic Transmitters
Optical Detectors and Receivers
- Introduction
- Optical Detectors
- Optical Detector Properties
- Semiconductor Photodiodes
- Semiconductor Material and Device Properties
- Responsivity
- PIN Photodiodes
- Response Time
- Linearity
- Avalanche Photodiodes
- Fibre Optic Receivers
- Receiver Noise
- Receiver Design
- Fibre Optic Receiver Applications
Module 5.11 - Electronic Displays
Light and Radiometry
The C.I.E., Lumens and Candelas
Light Emitting Diodes (LED)
Cathode Ray Tubes (CRT)
- Deflection Plates
- Deflection Coils
- Raster Scanning
- Stroke Pulse
- Time Base Deflection
- The Colour CRT
Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD)
- Principle of Operation
- Twisted Nematics
- The 7-Segment LCD
- Colour LCD
- Flat Panel LCD Displays
- Summary of Types of LCDs
Module 5.12 - Electrostatic Sensitive Devices
- Electrostatic Discharge (Triboelectric Series)
- Electrostatic Sensitivity
- Precautions
- Identification of ESDs
- Protection and Packaging
- Static-Free Work Stations
- Handling Outside Special Handling Areas
- Maintenance
- Removal and Installation of Printed Circuit Boards
- Removal and Installation of Metal-encased ESDS LRUs
Module 5.13 - Software Management Control
- Software Management
- DO-178/ED-121
- Control of Field Loadable Software
- Software Documentation
Module 5.14 - Electromagnetic Environment
General
- Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)
- Electromagnetic Interference (EMI)
- Sources of Interference
- Unbalanced Circuits
- Methods of Minimising Interference
- Bonding
- Static Dischargers
- Inspection and Checks
- General Precautions
High Intensity Radiated Fields (HIRF)
- HIRF Defined
- Frequency Range
- Reported HIRF Events and Effects
- Increasing Concerns
- Criticality of Avionics
- Avionics Upsets due to HIRF
- Sensitive Circuits
- Caribbean 747 Avionics Upsets
- British Airways Caribbean Experience
- Coupling the Electromagnetic Wave into the Aircraft
- HIRF/EMI Protection
- Commercial Aircraft Design Constraints
- EMI Filters
- Line Replaceable Units (LRUs)
- Above 400 Mhz Protection Strategy
- Printed Circuit Design For HIRF Immunity
- Shielding
- EMC Connectors
- EMC Gaskets
- Other Precautions
- Contrast of Technologies
Module 5.15 - Typical Electronic/Digital Aircraft
Systems
Central Maintenance System
- BITE
- Architecture
- Condition Monitoring
- Ground Support Equipment (GSE)
- Data Loading
- Electronic Library
- Airborne Printer
- ACARS
Electronic Flight Instrument Systems (EFIS)
- Components of the system
- Display Presentations
- Failure Annunciation
- Data Source Selection
- Display of Air Data
- EICAS and ECAM
Fly By Wire
- Basic Principle
- Control Surfaces
- Cockpit Controls
- Computers
- Pitch Control
- Roll Control
- Speedbrakes and Ground Spoilers
- Yaw Control
- Protections
Flight Management System (FMS)
- Introduction
- Typical Systems
- Flight Management System Description
- Performance Management
- Flight Management Computer
Global Positioning Systems
- Introduction
- Principles of Operation
- GPS
- Satellite Position Erro
- GPS Accuracy and Integrity
- Other satellite systems
Inertial Reference System
- Introduction
- Accelerometers
- Rate Integrating Gyro
- The Gyro-Stabilised (Gimballed) Platform
- Position Calculation
- Track and Speed
- Latitude and longitude
- INS Self-Alignment
- Levelling
- Gyro-compassing
- Mode Selector Panel
- INS Error Corrections
- Calculation of Magnetic North
- Control and Display Unit (CDU)
- Wander Angle Systems
- Strapped-Down Systems
- Fibre Optic Gyro (FOG)
- Tuned Rotor Gyro
Collision Warning Systems
- Introduction
- Principle of Operation
- ACAS I
- ACAS II
- ACAS III
- ACAS II Details
- Airborne Equipment
- Pilot’s Actions
- Monitoring System
- ACAS II Errors
- Light Sensitive Warning System
Digital Flight Data Recorder (DFDR)
- Types of Flight Data Recorder
- System Monitoring
Aircraft Integrate Data System (AIDS)
Cockpit Voice Recorder (CVR)
All notes
provided by Total Training Support come with the following feedback
service:
If you
encounter any question either within the respective module on the club66
professional website (www.club66pro.co.uk)
or in your actual Part-66 exam, which cannot be answered anywhere within these
notes, please email us the question. One of our subject specialists will review
the question, and if necessary, add an additional explanation into these notes.
We will email you back the answer they provide.